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Climate-wrecking fossil fuel and industrial agriculture sectors are squeezing climate-hit countries for over US$600 billion in public subsidies every year.
- ActionAid’s groundbreaking new report on the corporate capture of public finance finds that climate-destructive sectors are benefiting from subsidies amounting to an average of US$677 billion in the Global South every year, money that could pay for schooling for all sub-Saharan African children 3.5 times over.
- Climate finance grants from the Global North for climate-hit countries are still grossly insufficient to support climate action and the necessary transitions. Climate finance grants amount to just 1/20th of the Global South public finance going to fossil fuels and industrial agriculture.
- As a result, Global South renewable energy is receiving 40 times less public finance than the fossil fuel sector.
- While trillions of dollars in climate finance from the Global North to the Global South are necessary to adequately address the climate and development crises, Global South governments must allocate their limited resources in ways that truly serve their peoples’ needs through climate solutions for food and energy.
In its report, ActionAid finds that across Global South countries, the fossil fuel sector has been receiving a shocking annual average of US$438.6 billion a year in publicly financed subsidies, between 2016 (when the Paris Agreement was signed) and 2023.
The industrial agriculture sector has benefited from publicly financed subsidies worth a staggering US$ 238 billion a year on average, in the years between 2016 and 2021 (the last year of available data).
How the Finance Flows: Corporate capture of public finance fuelling the climate crisis in the Global South examines the use of public funds in the Global South and finds that the same industries that are causing the climate crisis and harming communities are also successfully squeezing Global South governments for the lion’s share of public finance. Multinationals benefiting from these subsidies include fossil fuel corporation Shell, and agribusiness giant Bayer (the parent company of Monsanto).
Meanwhile, the failure of Global North countries to provide adequate climate finance for climate transitions means that Global South countries are locked into harmful development pathways that destroy ecosystems, grab lands, and compound the injustice of climate change.
These numbers illustrate a deeply worrying pattern about the state of the planet’s finance flows, and how corporate capture of public finance is actively undermining the needs of climate-vulnerable countries, as well as global climate commitments.
Arthur Larok, Secretary General of ActionAid International says: “This report exposes wealthy corporations’ parasitic behavior. They are draining the life out of the Global South by siphoning public funds and fueling the climate crisis.”
“Sadly, the promises of climate finance by the Global North are as hollow as the empty rhetoric they have been uttering for decades. It is time for this circus to end, we need genuine commitments to ending the climate crisis.”
Teresa Anderson, Global Lead on Climate Justice at ActionAid International and one of the report’s authors, says, “It seems that money is the root of all climate upheaval. Climate-destructive industries are bleeding the Global South of the public funds they should be using to deal with the climate crisis.
“The lack of public and climate finance for solutions means that in climate-vulnerable countries, renewable energy is receiving 40 times less public finance than the fossil fuel sector. It’s time for the Global South to stand up to the industries that are draining their finances and wrecking the climate. We need to fix the finance flows that are fuelling the climate crisis.”
The report also debunks the false narrative that fossil fuel and industrial agriculture expansion in the Global South is necessary to address food insecurity and energy poverty and to provide livelihoods and public revenue in the Global South.
Jonah Gbembre, an activist from Iriwekan in Nigeria’s Delta State where Shell’s fossil fuel extraction has had devastating local impacts adds, “Communities in the Niger Delta have witnessed first-hand the irreparable damage caused by oil drilling. Rivers that support livelihoods are polluted. People are struggling to get drinking and irrigation water, and fishing is no longer possible as all the fish have died. The flaring has caused health problems for our children. We have lost our way of life and there is no end in sight to our suffering.
“We can’t continue to live like this. Our cry is that our taxes should not be supporting the oil companies like Shell that extract our resources and destroy our communities and way of life. Instead, the government should be financing alternative forms of energy such as solar and wind that will not harm us.”
ActionAid Zimbabwe Country Director, Joy Mabenge said agriculture contributes to the livelihood of over 60% of the country’s population and it is estimated that 23% of formal employment sits in agriculture.
He said the sector contributes 63% of raw materials required by the manufacturers. The manufacturing sector also comes from agriculture and 30% of exports as well as a 15% contribution of this sector to the GDP, yet Zimbabwe and the rest of the countries in Southern Africa
remain very vulnerable to climate shocks caused by the climate crisis.
“You can look at ActionAid’s new report in 2 ways. Both of which are true at the same time. It is pointing out that the industries that are fuelling the climate are grabbing so much of Africa’s public finance, but if you look carefully, you can also see reasons for hope. We would not say that all hope is lost. There’s money that can be redirected to climate solutions and that is if Africa decides to stand up, especially to corporations. We can change our path.
“In Zimbabwe, we are starting to see the results of the many years of advocacy with farmers, movements and it’s interesting to see this reflected in the data in this report. Zimbabwe, like many African countries, has been addicted to agricultural fertilizers. For this agricultural sector. We believed so much in the myth that chemical fertilizers were necessary for agricultural productivity.,” he said.
Zimbabwe has been spending staggering amounts of its public finance on subsidizing agrochemicals. Over the years, Zimbabwe has been spending an average annual of 6.7% of annual National Public Finance, Budget on subsidizing the industrial agriculture sector, but agrochemical fertilizers rely on fossil fuels for their production.
He said the country can scale up climate solutions, like agroecology, by shifting the public finances that are currently supporting the industrial agriculture, with the agribusiness industry having a lot of influence.
The report calls for:
- Public finance to be redirected to support just transitions from climate-destructive fossil fuels and industrial agriculture, towards people-led climate solutions that safeguard people’s rights to food, energy and livelihoods.
- Scaling up of decentralised renewable energy systems to provide energy access, and gender-responsive agricultural extension services that offer training in agroecology and adaptation.
- Wealthy countries to provide trillions of dollars in grant-based climate finance each year to Global South countries on the front lines of the climate crisis, including by agreeing to an ambitious new climate finance goal at COP29 that reflects this scale.
- The regulation of the banking and finance sectors to end destructive financing, with regulations that set minimum standards for human rights, social and environmental frameworks, and transformation of the international financial institutions that are pushing climate-vulnerable countries into spiralling debt.